Article 15 of the Constitution

Article 15 of the Constitution:

Article 15 No Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex and Place of Birth

Clause (1) No Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex and Place of Birth

Cases:

§ Nainsukhdas Vs State of U.P. AIR 1953 SC384.

§ State of Rajisthan Vs Pratap Singh AIR 1960 SC1208.

Clause (2) Specific application of general provision contained in Art.14

The object is to eradicate the abuse of Hindu social system.

Clause (3) Special provision for women and children

Exception of General Rule under Art.15 (1)&(2)
Article 42 Maternity relief

Educational Institution exclusively for women

Special provisions substantive laws & procedural law

Various International Instruments relating to women and children

Cases:

§ Yusuf Abdul Aziz Vs State of Bombay AIR 1954 SC321.

§ Permjit Singh State of PunjabAIR 2009 P&H 7.

Clause (4) Special provision for advancement of backward classes

Another Exception of General Rule under Art.15 (1)&(2)

Added by Constitution (Ist Amandment) Act 1951 as a result of the decision of the SC in State of Madras Vs Champakam Dorairajan AIR 1951SC.

Cases:

§ State of Madras Vs Champakam Dorairajan AIR 1951SC 226.

§ M. R. Balaji Vs state of Maysore AIR 1963 SC 649.

§ K. C. Vasant kumar Vs state of Karnataka AIR 1985 SC 1495.

§ Indra Sawhney Vs Union of India AIR 1993 SC

§ Meera KanwariaVs Sunita AIR 2006 SC 597.

Clause (5) Special Provision for Reservation of backward, SC & ST classes including Private Educational Institution.

§ Ashok kumar Thakur Vs Union of India AIR 2008 SC

§ Added by 93rd Constitutional Amendment Act 2006 to nullify the effect of three decision of SC

ü T. M. A. Pai Foundation Vs state of Karnataka AIR 2003 SC

ü Islamic Academy Vs state of Karnataka AIR 2003 SC

ü P. A. Inamdar Vs state of Maharashtra AIR 2005 SC